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matrifocal family
A matrifocal family structure is one where mothers head families and fathers play a less important role in the home and in bringing up children.
== Definition ==
"A family or domestic group is matrifocal when it is centred on a woman and her children. In this case the father(s) of these children are intermittently present in the life of the group and occupy a secondary place. The children's mother is not necessarily the wife of one of the children's fathers."〔Godelier, Maurice, trans. Nora Scott, ''The Metamorphoses of Kinship'' (London: Verso, 2011 (ISBN 978-1-84467-746-7)), p. 568 (''Glossary'', entry ''matrifocal'') (trans. from ''Métamorphoses de la parenté'' (Librarie Arthème Fayard (apparently), 2004)) (author prof. anthropology, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris).〕 In general, according to Laura Hobson Herlihy citing P. Mohammed, women have "high status" if they are "the main wage earners", they "control ... the household economy", and males tend to be absent.〔Three quotations: Herlihy, Laura Hobson, ''Matrifocality and Women's Power on the Miskito Coast'', in ''Ethnology'', vol. 46, no. 2, Spring, 2007, p. 134 n. 3 (author of Univ. of Kansas), citing Mohammed, P., ''The Caribbean Family Revisited'', in Mohammed, P., & C. Shepherd, eds., ''Gender in Caribbean Development'' (Univ. of the W. Indies, 1986).〕 The term was coined in 1956.〔Herlihy, Laura Hobson, ''Matrifocality and Women's Power on the Miskito Coast'', ''op. cit.'', p. 134.〕 Men's absences are often of long durations.〔Herlihy, Laura Hobson, ''Matrifocality and Women's Power on the Miskito Coast'', ''op. cit.'', p. 137.〕
Alternative terms for 'matrifocal' or 'matrifocality' include ''matricentric'', ''matripotestal'', and ''women-centered kinship networks''.〔Herlihy, Laura Hobson, ''Matrifocality and Women's Power on the Miskito Coast'', ''op. cit.'', p. 134 n. 3.〕
The matrifocal is distinguished from the matrilocal, the matrilineal, and matriarchy (the last because matrifocality does not imply that women have power in the larger community).
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